Know about Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Causes and How to Prevent it

Know diabetes mellitus: Symptoms, causes and how to prevent it. Diabetes mellitus is caused by a disturbance in the body's metabolic system in which the pancreas is unable to produce the hormone insulin needed by the body, causing blood sugar levels become elevated (hyperglycemia). Hyperglycemia that occurs in a long time will cause serious damage to our body systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. Therefore, it is important to control glucose levels in our body.

All cells in the human body needs sugar to work normally. Sugar can get into the cells of the body with the help of the hormone insulin. If the amount of insulin in the body is not enough, or if the body's cells do not respond to insulin (insulin resistance), then it will lead to a buildup of sugar in the blood.

In general, Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by:

1. The pancreas does not function well in producing the hormone insulin in sufficient quantities.
2. The body can not use insulin hormone that has been created by the pancreas effectively
3. Too many foods that contain high levels of sugar.
4. Too many foods that contain lots of carbohydrates such as rice and bread.
5. Less physical activity or lack of exercise
6. Lack of sleep
7. Too much smoke.
8. Obesity

Diabetes mellitus attack on men and women in the age group most at the age of 45-52 years, not even a little bit of class children were already there, as indicated by this disease.

Recognizing early on diabetes mellitus is an opportunity for us to control blood sugar even prevent the onset of diabetes in our body. To detect diabetic main thing is to do a blood sugar checks. Examination of blood sugar is early detection that can be done to find out if we are affected by this disease or not. This is very important because prevention will be made easier if the stage still suffered chronic.

Some types of diabetes mellitus:

1. Type I diabetes mellitus: Diabetes is caused by the immune system disorder patients, thus causing damage to pancreatic beta cells. This damage causes a decrease in the amount of insulin that acts as a key to open the cell door so that glucose can enter the body. People with this type of diabetes known as diabetic dependent on insulin injections and is usually appears at the age of children.
2. Diabetes Mellitus Type II: Diabetes Happens result of damage to body cells so that the door will not open (insulin resistance). As a result, the cell body of hunger and blood sugar levels due to the buildup of blood glucose increased. This type of diabetes initially addressed with setting diet and physical exercise. When blood glucose still not controlled, then it should be added with type diabetes medicine tablets (oral hypoglycemic drugs).
3. Diabetes mellitus type III or MRDM (Malnutrition Related Diabetes Mellitus): This type of diabetes associated with inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), hormonal disorders or drugs. Diabetes begins with malnutrition (malnutrition).
4. Diabetes mellitus type IV (diabetes in pregnancy or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus): diabetes that arises during pregnancy. The reason is the reduction in body function during pregnancy in the face of rising blood sugar levels.
5. Other types of diabetes: diabetes caused by other diseases, e.g. liver damage (hepatic cirrhosis).

Read to: The Effects of Diabetics Drug on Liver

Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus.

Recognizing the symptoms of type 1 diabetes is not always easy symptoms are often mistaken for flu symptoms. In addition, the symptoms sometimes appear until the disease runs long enough. Common symptoms are common in people with diabetes:

1. Frequent urination (polyuria). This occurs because the kidneys want to clean up the excess glucose in the blood circulation (polydipsia).
2. Often feel thirsty.
3. Often feel hungry (polyphagia)
4. Tingling/numbness in the nerve endings in the hands and feet.
5. Often feel itchy
6. Experiencing myopic vision suddenly
7. Tired and weak and sleepy.
8. Losing weight
9. Sexual disorder.
10.  Wounds that do not heal.

Some of the ways that can be done for the prevention of diabetes mellitus, including:

1. Diligently read and find information on the development of diabetes mellitus.
2. Perform physical activity or exercise for 3-4 times a week for 30 minutes.
3. Dietary adjustments: diabetics need to maintain a diet low in sugar and high in fiber to keeping blood sugar balanced. Total calories are restricted by comparison 25 calories x weight for women and 30 calories x weight for men. Schedule dietary adjustments are divided into six three times meals and snacks three times.
4. Medications or insulin therapy.
5. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG): performed to monitor blood sugar levels within a certain time.

Based on the international diabetes federation (IDF) in 2008, SMBG is recommended for patients with type II diabetes, both for patients who use insulin or not using insulin. By performing SMBG, diabetics can monitor blood sugar levels in an optimal and cost-effective.

The IDF has a guide for people with type II diabetes who are not using insulin to perform SMBG, namely:

• SMBG should be done by people with diabetes who are already educated.
• SMBG should be considered since the early diagnosed patients.
• SMBG should be considered as part of the educational module on the ability of diabetic monitoring arrangements by each patient.
• Setting the schedule and frequency of SMBG tailored to the needs of patients
• Prior to SMBG need for an agreement between diabetics with her doctor about the purpose of SMBG.
• SMBG use requires an easy procedure to monitor the performance and accuracy of blood sugar test kits.

Blood sugar checks can be carried out independently with some ideal time period, namely:

1. 2-3 days according to the needs of people with diabetes.
2. Performed at the time before and after meals.
3. Target blood sugar results:

• Blood sugar before meals under 100 mg/dL
• Blood sugar after a meal under 140 mg/dL

How to prevent diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle by maintaining a daily diet that is healthy and balanced with the increasing consumption of fruits and vegetable and fiber. Restricting food high carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Maintain ideal body weight adjusted for age and height and regular exercise according to ability.

I Hope it is useful ....