Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood, whether it is caused by a decrease in insulin production as well as the body's resistance against both or a combination of both. In general, diabetes is divided into two, namely diabetes type 1 and type 2. In this article will discuss the diabetes type 1. 

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Type 1 diabetes or often also known as diabetes juvenile because generally attack patients under the age of 40 years. Diabetes type 1 is categorized as a result of the presence of systemic disorders of glucose metabolism disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The situation is caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by either autoimmune or idiopathic processes that reduced insulin production even stalled.

How to prevent diabetes type 2?

Insulin is a hormone disorder on the basis of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Insulin is produced in the pancreas which is located near the liver and plays a role in removing and storing hormone insulin is the body's fuel is produced in accordance with the "order" means the levels can go up and down depending on the needs.

Under normal conditions, the immune system protects the body from bacteria and viral attacks are harmful to the body. However, this condition is different for people with type 1 diabetes , with no definite reason the immune system attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in inhibition of the production of the hormone insulin. For comparison, normal pancreas to produce 31 units of insulin per day, while patients with type 1 diabetes produce only 0-4 units per day, so they need extra insulin from the outside.

Diabetes type 1 occurs when the body lacks insulin, so blood sugar levels rise above normal. Insulin has a function to absorb nutrients and sugar in the blood, and then distribute them to the various cells of the body to be used as an energy source.

Because the insulin that is produced in small quantities or even none at all, resulting in an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and cells of the body is not getting enough energy intake. These conditions will lead to:

Dehydration

With high levels of sugar in the blood will increase the amount of urination as a reaction to reduce sugar levels. When the blood sugar out with urine, automatically the body will lack a lot of fluid, which causes dehydration.

Losing Weight

Glucose in the blood is a source of energy for the body because it contains a lot of nutrients and calories needed by the body, nutrition is very useful for this body wasted with urine, so that people with type 1 diabetes will experience drastic weight loss.

Body Damage

High levels of sugar in the blood will cause damage to body tissues. This condition will also damage the small blood vessels in the eyes, kidneys and heart. So that people with diabetes are at high risk of heart attack and stroke.

Causes of Diabetes Type 1 

Experts and doctors have yet to find the exact cause of type 1 diabetes . But certainly genetic factors (heredity) is suspected to be the main cause though most children with type 1 diabetes  do not have a history of diabetes in the family. Someone who has a particular gene is more susceptible to this type 1 diabetes. This gene is active when influenced by environmental factors such as exposure to toxins or rat. Enterovirus is the originator of the clearest and most frequently studied, one of them on the disease Hand, foot and mouth and polio. Suspected viruses alter the gene so that the gene to produce antibodies that attack the bodies own or called auto-antibody.

Type 1 diabetes Symptoms

The type 1 diabetes symptoms are:

1. Often feel hungry, especially after eating
2. Often feel thirsty
3. Dry mouth
4. Nausea until vomiting
5. The loss of weight for no apparent reason
6. Fatigue
7. The reduced ability of vision
8. Injury or infection of the urinary tract or skin
9. Breathing rapidly
10. Upset stomach

Handle Type 1 Diabetes 

Diabetes is a disease that will not disappear and can not be cured only can we control, the key is to keep blood glucose levels in order to remain at a normal level. These conditions can be achieved by adjusting thediet/healthy diet, implementing a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and insulin therapy. Patients with type 1 diabetes should get therapy in the form of regular insulin injections because the pancreas is unable to produce insulin which is needed by the body.

People with type 1 diabetes should check their blood sugar levels on a regular basis, so as to determine the diet or applying a proper diet, exercise type and amount of insulin needed.

Diet Food for Diabetes Mellitus

Diet Food for Diabetes Mellitus 

For those of you who have not been sentenced to suffer from diabetes mellitus - but have a genetic risk - recommended to control blood sugar condition to the hospital on a regular basis (at least once every 6 months), and then maintain the quality of life by adopting a healthy lifestyle and diet to suit the nutritional needs required for diabetics.

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As for you who are already diagnosed with diabetes, you should immediately implement a special diet for diabetics. By applying a special diet for people with diabetes, then you can adjust the intake of calories into the body and quantify the amount of nutrition that is appropriate to the need for one meal.

Special diets in calculating the amount of intake of nutrients needed by diabetics is adjusted to body weight, height, and gender.

Diabetic diet is generally applied to the amount or eats in small portions but frequently. For example, the main meals 3 times a day and interspersed with 3 meals in the form of fruits or snacks calorie content as needed. The distance between pauses to eat that can be used between 2 to 3 hours. Diet for diabetics’ calorie content of each food should be tailored to the needs of the patient, because each patient has different needs in content and benefits of the nutrients and calories. Therefore, it is the primary cause for doing a special diet for diabetics with diabetes still meets the standards and needs of the nutrients needed by the body. For more details, you can consult with a physician who has expertise in this field. 

Counting the Number of Calories

For women who indicated diabetes, on average they need about 1500 calories intake. The assumption was; 5 tablespoons of rice, 2 types of side dishes (1 animal - 1 vegetable), plus a bowl of vegetables. This is the main menu every meal and consumed as much as three times a day.  At the time of the meal, usually interspersed with eating fruits such as one large piece of papaya, 1 apple, or 2 oranges for one meal.  At night can be increased by eating 1 cup of milk specifically for diabetes. Prior to consume milk, the better you consult your physician first in order to be adapted to your needs.

As for male diabetics need 1800-2000 calories. The assumption; 10 tablespoons of rice or potato, 3 side dishes (1 animal - 2 vegetable), and a bowl of vegetables. In between meals interspersed 2 number of fruit, 1 cup of milk and diabetes specials each night.

This special diet despite having the amount of food consumed in small portions, but this will not increase the amount of blood sugar, and will not affect the physical quality to support the daily activities. If a special diet to regulate the amount of calories and nutrients into your body gives a positive effect, then slowly you start to reduce the dose of drugs controlling blood sugar so that you will avoid the negative effects of diabetes medications, especially for those people with diabetes type 2 and knowing about the prevention. Even you also can live with having the exact same quality health with healthy people.

 

Diabetes During Pregnancy the Mother Thought that Causes Obesity in Children

Diabetes and Obesity

Diabetes during pregnancy are not treated well almost certainly result in a double risk for the offspring will be obese in childhood , but the treatment is performed by maternal hyperglycemia can fix , the researchers said . Examination of the previous record of 9,000 mother-child pairs showed that the risk of obesity in childhood increases the magnitude of hyperglycemia in the mother during pregnancy, said Teresa Hillier, MD, Kaiser Permanente Center for research Fellow in Child and Health. Knowing about diabetes, symptoms, causes and how to prevent it.

The researchers also found that immediate treatment of diabetes in pregnancy reduces the risk of obesity in children than women who do not care , reported in the September issue of the journal Diabetes Care. About Gestational Diabetes

"My advice for pregnant women is three times," said Dr. Hillier. "In the debate to discuss detection of gestational diabetes your doctor, usually between 24 and 28 weeks gestation; if you have diabetes during pregnancy, do the treatment with your doctor, and do the treatment closely during pregnancy. the best thing you should do is reduce the risk of obesity in children. 

"The authors found records of 9,439 mother - child, from the Kaiser Permanente facility in Hawaii and parts tenggaran Pacific. In both regions, universal screening for diabetes during pregnancy test carried out by oral glucose tolerance with a size of 50 g.

Positive women with diabetes after more tests proved for three hours with glocusa OGTT with a size of 50 g, were diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy, according to the criteria of the National Diabetes Data Group and Carpente and Coustan. 

Criteria Group National Diabetes Data must meet the following glucose levels at least two of the four measures based on test oral glucose tolerance:

• Fast: at least 5.8 mmol/L
• One hour: at least 10.5 mmol/L
• Two hours : at least 9.2 mmol/L
• Three hours : at least 8.0 mmol/L

Carpenter and Croustan criteria using a smaller reduction diagnosed:

•  Fast: at least 5.3 mmol/L
• One hour: at least 10 mmol/L
• Two hours: at least 8.6 mmol/L
• Three hours: at least 7.8 mmol/L

"According to this analysis, during 1995-2000, Kaiser Permanente NDDG criteria used to diagnose and treat diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, allowing us to measure the differences in treatment outcomes," the researchers wrote. "So how NDDG meets the criteria that treatment with diet or diet / insulin, but satisfy the criteria of Carpenter and Coustan just were not likely to be treated."

They used a measure of weight in children five to seven years to count certain genre according to weight as a percentage of the age, the use of terms (1963-1994 standard), and breaks provocation test positive maternal glucose (a value of 7.8 hours mmol/L or higher) and OGTT results ( one or two or more than four times the normal value).

They find that there is a positive trend towards an increase in childhood obesity at the age of five to seven years the increase in parallel with the increase in the range of glucose values ​​in women who are pregnant, and the percentage of glucose in women who are pregnant 85a and 95a significantly in comparison with the minimum percentage .

Moreover, when adjusted to the possibilities are factors including weight gain in women who are pregnant , age , parity , ethnicity and birth weight form , found that the normal risks associated with hyperglycemia persists .

"Most importantly , the increased risk of obesity in childhood diabetus mellitus who suffer when the mother was pregnant NDDG criteria ( which do care ) is not too noticeable after using various adjustments , because the risk of all levels of hyperglycemia based on the value of abnormal oral glucose test tolerenace remains high , "the researchers wrote.

The treatment of diabetes during pregnancy reduces the risk of obesity in children up one level compared with children whose mothers have narmoglycemian during pregnancy , according to the conclusions of the authors.

They suggested that one or more future occurrence of hyperglycemia in pregnant women may result in "metabolic imprinting " on the child in the womb, and glucose deviation in pregnant women during pregnancy, especially fast hyperglycemia growth, can be used as the initial signal risk of obesity in children children in the future . Later , they also conducted research to determine if diabetes during pregnancy and its treatment can cause varying risk factors for obesity in children.

The authors note that their study was limited to children who are still in the HMO to measure weight in children five to seven years, despite the possibility of a change in the composition of chance. They also said they had no data on maternal weight before pregnancy, and identity of women who suffer from diabetes mellitus is based once screening for diabetes during pregnancy in a given time.

This article is taken from http://naturindonesia.com and translated by permission.